Section 04

Relicts

Red spruce and Fraser fir sit on the highest ground as a boreal island stranded since the last glaciation, held there by cold and cloud. An introduced insect killed most of the mature fir, and the grey standing trunks are the record of it. Regeneration is under way beneath them.

• 04.1Spruce and firRed spruce and Fraser fir stranded on the highest ground since the last glaciation, a boreal island in a temperate range.
• 04.2The balsam woolly adelgidAn introduced insect that killed most mature Fraser fir, and the grey standing trunks that record it.